Back Problems Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the spine?

A The spine is the basic body structure which separates higher-order animals (vertebrates) from more primitive animals. It performs three important functions. First, it provides protection for the spinal cord, the central bundle of nerves which connects the brain with the rest of the nervous system. Second, it gives structural support to the entire upper body. Finally, it affords flexibility, allowing us to bend, twist and stretch.

Although commonly referred to as the "backbone", the spine is actually made up of 33 separate bones, called vertebrae, arranged in a hollow column. This column is based at the hip bone (pelvis) and ends at the skull. The individual vertebrae are separated by thin, round layers of cartilage, called disks. These disks provide cushioning and prevent the vertebrae from rubbing together. The spinal cord runs through the hollow center of the spine.

What causes back pain?

A There are many kinds of back pain. The most common form of back pain results from strained muscles, and is usually the result of overexertion, poor posture or unsound body mechanics. Another type of pain is caused by the degeneration of the protective disks, due to injury or disease. Individual vertebrae may become cracked or broken, either because of a traumatic injury (such as an automobile accident) or a gradual degenerative disease (such as osteoporosis). Sometimes, the nerves of the spinal cord may become pinched or damaged, causing pain.

What is a "slipped" or "ruptured" disk?

A These terms are often used to describe the condition known as a herniated disk. As people age, the disks (which normally have a high water content) tend to dry out, become thinner and less flexible. When a disk degenerates, part of the disk may be pressed against one of the nerves emanating from the spinal cord, or against the spinal cord itself. The outer edge of the disk may crack or tear. A herniated disk may result from a traumatic injury, improper lifting, bad posture or normal wear and tear associated with the aging process.

What is Sciatica?

A Sciatica is a condition characterised by pain in the lower back or hip that radiates down the back of the thigh and leg. This may be accompanied by weakness, numbness or tingling in the affected leg. Sciatica is caused by pressure or pinching of the sciatic nerve roots, at the point where the nerve roots leaves the spine. This is usually the result of a compressed, damaged or herniated disk.